Tuning based on historical geographic location

ABSTRACT

A history of user listening patterns associating geographic locations with media stations is stored and used to aid in selecting a media station. If a media station associated with a current geographical location is available, that station can be automatically tuned by a wireless media receiver. If a media station associated with the current location is not available, an alternate media station that is available at the current geographical location can be selected, and the receiver tuned to the alternate station. The alternate station can be an over-the-air (OTA) station or an Internet Protocol (IP) station. A user can be allowed to select between alternate stations having comparable content, or the user can designate a default alternate station. User listening patterns can be used to determine whether a media station is associated a particular geographic location.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present U.S. Utility patent application claims priority pursuant to35 U.S.C. § 120 as a continuation of U.S. Utility application Ser. No.14/918,739, entitled “ALTERNATE MEDIA STATION SELECTION USINGSITUATIONAL PARAMETER HISTORY,” filed Oct. 21, 2015, which is acontinuation of U.S. Utility application Ser. No. 14/504,557, entitled“MITIGATING MEDIA STATION INTERRUPTIONS,” filed Oct. 2, 2014, now U.S.Pat. No. 9,203,445, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Utilityapplication Ser. No. 13/557,859, entitled, “RADIO RECEIVER AND METHODFOR RECEIVING AND PLAYING SIGNALS FROM MULTIPLE BROADCAST CHANNELS,”filed Jul. 25, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,892,025, which is acontinuation of U.S. Utility application Ser. No. 12/201,984, entitled“RADIO RECEIVER AND METHOD FOR RECEIVING AND PLAYING SIGNALS FROMMULTIPLE BROADCAST CHANNELS,” filed Aug. 29, 2008, now U.S. Pat. No.8,260,230, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No.60/969,499, entitled “RADIO RECEIVER AND METHOD FOR RECEIVING ANDPLAYING SIGNALS FROM MULTIPLE BROADCAST CHANNELS,” filed Aug. 31, 2007,all of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in theirentirety and made part of the present U.S. Utility patent applicationfor all purposes.

COPYRIGHT NOTICE

This application contains material that is subject to copyrightprotection. Such material may be reproduced by any person exactly as itappears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent files or records. Thecopyright owner otherwise reserves all rights to such material.

BACKGROUND

This application relates generally to radio systems. More specifically,this application relates to a new type of radio receiver as well asassociated systems and methods that support advanced functionality ofsuch receiver and that more broadly apply to other systems.

SUMMARY

A media receiver, for example a radio, can include a receiver adaptablefor receiving a plurality of broadcast stations over a plurality ofbroadcast channels. If the signal quality of a station to which themedia receiver is tuned degrades too much, the media receiver canattempt to identify an alternate media station, and automatically tuneto the alternate station until the signal quality of the originallytuned media station improves, at which point the media receiver canre-tune to the originally tuned station. A history of signal qualityparameters and user listening patterns can be maintained and used tohelp the media receiver select an appropriate alternate media station,and to preemptively tune to that media station or start caching contentfrom that media station.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE APPENDIX

Appendix A, which is attached hereto and incorporated herein byreference, lists certain EPG and database identifiers as may be used insome embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a radio system for processing broadcaststreams.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a radio system network as describedherein.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram that illustrates one embodiment of an openinterface merge replication process.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram that illustrates one embodiment of anEPG-based composite stream as described herein.

FIG. 5 is a front elevational view of a radio receiver.

FIG. 6 is a left side elevational view of the radio receiver of FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 is a back elevational view of the radio receiver of FIG. 5.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a method of mitigating media stationinterruptions according to various embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating using a history of signal-qualityparameters associated with particular geographic locations or times tomitigate media station interruptions according to various embodiments ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating the selection of alternate mediastations according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

As used herein, the following terms should be understood to have theindicated meanings:

When an item is introduced by “a” or “an,” it should be understood tomean one or more of that item.

“AM” means amplitude modulation.

“Broadcast channel” means a communications medium having one or moreproperties that distinguish such communications medium from one or moreother communications media. The one or more properties may include butare not limited to a particular type of medium (such as, for example,over-the-air, or cable), a particular transmission basis (such as, forexample, terrestrial or satellite), a particular type of signal (suchas, for example, digital, analog, or HD), a particular type of signaltransmission (such as, for example, AM, FM, or IP), a particularfrequency or frequency range, a particular source (such as, for example,a radio station, a computer server, or an end-user computer), orcombinations thereof.

“Broadcast stream” means a communications signal representative ofselected data. A broadcast stream may be transmitted over one or morebroadcast channels.

“Communications signal” means a signal representative of data. Acommunications signal may include but is not limited to an acoustical,electrical, electromagnetic, optical, or other signal, or a combinationthereof. Examples of communications signals include but are not limitedto radio frequency signals, television signals, microwave signals,cellular signals, optical signals, and combinations thereof.

“Composite stream” or “CS” means a communications signal representativeof data selected from a plurality of broadcast streams.

“Component” means any part, feature, or element, alone or incombination.

“Comprises” means includes but is not limited to.

“Comprising” means including but not limited to.

“Computer” means any programmable machine capable of executingmachine-readable instructions. A computer may include but is not limitedto a general purpose computer, microprocessor, computer server, digitalsignal processor, mobile phone, personal digital assistant, or acombination thereof. A computer may comprise one or more processors,which may comprise part of a single machine or multiple machines.

“Computer program” means a list of instructions that may be executed bya computer to cause the computer or another device in communication withthe computer to operate in a desired manner.

“Computer readable medium” means a tangible, non-transitory article ofmanufacture having a capacity for storing one or more computer programs,one or more pieces of data, or a combination thereof. A computerreadable medium may include but is not limited to a computer memory,hard disk, memory stick, magnetic tape, floppy disk, optical disk (suchas a CD or DVD), zip drive, or combination thereof.

The term “Content Attributes” is used herein to refer to inherent orassigned characteristics of media content. Non-limiting examples ofcontent attributes include the primary, secondary, or tertiary genre ofmedia content provided via a media station; a tone of the content; atempo of the content; a target media consumer group to which the contentis targeted whether the content is video, audio, or multimedia; theportion of content provided via the media station is talk, news,weather, or music.

“Data” means information.

“Database” means a collection of data embodied in at least one computerreadable medium and organized in a suitable way to permit a computer toselect one or more desired portions of such data. In at least oneembodiment, the term “Database” includes a Radio DNS® database modifiedaccording to the teachings set forth herein.

“Electronic program guide” or “EPG” means a computer program havinginstructions for displaying data representative of one or more broadcaststreams that may be available over one or more broadcast channels. AnEPG may or may not have instructions for allowing a user to navigatethrough data representative of a plurality of broadcast streams and toselect a desired one of the plurality of broadcast streams. An EPG mayor may not include a graphical user interface.

“FM” means frequency modulation.

“Having” means including but not limited to.

“HD” means of or relating to In-Band On-Channel digital signalcommunications. An HD signal may comprise data of any desirable type,including without limitation text, audio, or other content, such as forexample text messages concerning a song title, artist name, weatherforecast, weather warning, traffic update, sports score, advertiserphone number, web address, or any other customized text message readout,or any combination thereof. An HD signal may be transmitted as asubstantially continuous digital data stream or an intermittent digitaldata stream and may be broadcast together with, or over the samebroadcast spectrum as, existing AM or FM broadcast spectrums, forexample. HD signals may also be multicast, or split into severalbroadcast channels over a broadcast spectrum.

“IP” means Internet Protocol.

“LED” means light emitting diode.

“Marks” means electronic metadata associated with an entertainment datafile or broadcast stream that can be used for identifying, indexing,authentication, matching, purchasing, previewing, or organizing thereceived entertainment data file or broadcast stream on a receiver.

The “marks” may also be used for storing the entertainment data file orbroadcast stream on the receiver or viewing information about the datafile or broadcast stream, such as information about the artist or otherinformation.

“Marking” or “marked” means a process of using a button or selectorswitch on a receiver to select marks for identifying, indexing,authentication, matching, purchasing, previewing or organizing anentertainment data file or broadcast stream.

“Memory” means a device that is used to store or process data, programs,instructions, or any other information on a temporary or permanentbasis.

The term “or” is to be interpreted as both disjunctive and conjunctive,unless the context requires otherwise.

“Podcast” means a file, including but not limited to audio, visual, oraudiovisual data, that may be transmitted or distributed over theInternet or other network in one or more user-defined time frames, suchas for example through a publish and subscribe model. A podcast may bearchived on the Internet or other network or may be streaming such thatit is accessible by a computer or receiver automatically and may bedownloaded or transmitted to the receiver or computer on demand or on asubscription basis.

“Receiver” means an apparatus adaptable for receiving a communicationssignal and generating a perceptible representation of suchcommunications signal, either directly or through one or more otherdevices. Such perceptible representation may include but is not limitedto an audible representation, a visible representation, a tactilerepresentation, or a combination thereof. Such perceptiblerepresentation may be perceptible either with or without the aid ofanother device, such as, for example, an earpiece, headphone, headset,handset, viewing lens, or the like. A receiver may or may not have aspeaker, display screen, light (such as an LED), vibrator, or otheroutput device, or a combination thereof. A receiver may or may notinclude a computer processor, memory, or other computer components.

“RSS” or “Really Simple Syndication” means an XML format fordistributing periodically updated information on the Internet or othernetwork. RSS may be used, for example, to enable a publish-and-subscribemodel to work in podcasting, blogging, and other websites that change oradd to their content regularly.

The term “signal-quality parameters” is used to refer to characteristicsof a station's signal that include packet loss, number of packet errors,bit error rate, noise, amplitude, frequency variance, and other measuresof signal quality that allow a media receiver to determine whether thesignal is of sufficient quality to present media content included in thesignal. In at least one embodiment, signal-quality parameters are notlimited to characteristics of a radio frequency (RF) carrier wave, butalso include the quality of data carried by an RF carrier wave.

The term “situational parameters” is used herein to refer to ageographic location, a time of day, a day of the week, a season, a timeof year, operating status and condition of vehicular systems in avehicle, status of a personal, wide-area, cellular, satellite, or othernetwork used to communicate with a media device, and other informationthat can be obtained by a media device and linked to, or associatedwith, another event known to the media device.

“ST” means satellite.

“Tags” means electronic metadata associated with an entertainment datafile or broadcast stream that can be used for identifying, indexing,authentication, matching, purchasing, previewing, or organizing thereceived entertainment data file or broadcast stream on a receiver. The“tags” may also be used for storing the entertainment data file orbroadcast stream on the receiver or viewing information about the datafile or broadcast stream, such as information about the artist or otherinformation.

“Tagging” or “tagged” means a process of using a button or selectorswitch on a receiver to select tags for identifying, indexing,authentication, matching, purchasing, previewing or organizing anentertainment data file or broadcast stream.

“Transmitter” means an apparatus adaptable for transmitting acommunications signal.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/499,434 filed Aug. 4, 2006, Ser. No.11/477,156 filed Jun. 27, 2006, and Ser. No. 11/365,545 filed Mar. 1,2006 are incorporated herein by reference. The methods discussed inthose references may be used as a basis for tagging or marking broadcastfiles used in some embodiments. One embodiment comprises a method ofallowing a user to purchase or copy a broadcast file after tagging ormarking the broadcast file on a receiver. A user may be given anopportunity to purchase the broadcast file electronically. The tags ormarks may indicate where the broadcast file will be purchased from orcopied from, for instance, from an iTunes® web site or other web site.The tags or marks may also indicate to other users of other receiverswhere they may obtain a license for the broadcast file. The tags ormarks may indicate the artist, title of the song, or other dataassociated with the broadcast file.

One embodiment as described herein is directed to a portable or desktopradio receiver adaptable for receiving one or more broadcast streams onone or more broadcast channels. Some embodiments may allow a user of aportable or desktop radio receiver to create a composite stream from aportion of one or more broadcast streams.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a receiver 100 may comprise a computer and amemory and may be in communication with one or more sources ofcommunications signals, such as FM, AM, HD, ST, and IP broadcastsources, for example, and one or more central computer systems 110. Eachcentral computer system 110 may include but is not limited to a computer104 and a data storage device 106 in communication with computer 104.Although only one computer 104 and data storage device 106 are shown inFIG. 2, more than one computer 104 and data storage device 106 may beprovided. As shown in FIG. 2, a receiver 100 (indicated as R.sub.1 . . .R.sub.N) may be in communication with computer 104, either directly orvia a network 102, which may include but is not limited to the Internet.Each receiver 100 may be capable of receiving communications signalsover one or more broadcast channels from the various broadcast sources,such as the FM, AM, HD, ST, and IP broadcast sources shown in FIG. 1, aswell as one or more composite streams (CS) from one or more centralcomputer systems 110 as described further below. Each receiver 100 mayalso have a transmitter adaptable for transmitting communicationssignals to computer 104 of one or more central computer systems 110 asdescribed further below. The communications signals transmitted betweenand among the broadcast sources, receivers 100, and one or more centralcomputer systems 110 may include primary data, such as songs,advertisements, talk shows, game shows, DJ chatter, news reports,weather reports, traffic reports, and sports reports, for example, aswell as ancillary data, such as EPG data 101, for example.

In some embodiments, EPG data 101 may contain metadata informationwithin broadcast streams, such as radio, television, satellite, andInternet broadcast streams. EPG data 101 may include but is not limitedto metadata information such as station names, station call signs,broadcast frequencies, broadcast channel types, broadcast stream types,program titles, album titles, song titles, artist names, genres,durations, start times, end times, affiliated and non-affiliated stationcarriers, keyword(s), and other metadata information relating to one ormore broadcast streams. One or more central computer systems 110 mayinclude various computer program applications, such as an EPG updateinterface 111 and a device services interface 113 to facilitate openinterface merge replication as described further below. Data storagedevice 106 of one or more central computer systems 110 may be used tostore various data, such as EPG data 101 and user preference data.

In some embodiments, a receiver 100 may have the capacity to receive anddisplay EPG data 101 and to tune, browse, capture or download a selectedbroadcast stream on an available broadcast channel using metadatainformation from an EPG. For example, receiver 100 may be programmed tobrowse EPG data 101 such as station call signs, and a user may select acertain station call sign such as “KISS FM,” for example. The receiver100 may then be tuned to the user selected station, having the call sign“KISS FM.”

The receiver 100 may include volatile memory storage to be used as abuffer for real time listening, providing the receiver 100 the abilityto rewind, pause, and fast forward up to a desired point. The receiver100 may also incorporate an EPG to enable a scheduled recording of oneor more selected broadcast streams or enable an immediate recording ofreal time programming. In some embodiments, a receiver 100 may have thecapacity to receive and display EPG data 101 and to tune, browse,capture or download a selected broadcast stream on an availablebroadcast channel. A broadcast stream may be selected manually oraccording to predefined rules. For example, receiver 100 may beprogrammed to attempt to tune in to a selected broadcast stream over aselected broadcast channel, and if the selected broadcast stream is notavailable on the selected broadcast channel, receiver 100 may thenattempt to tune in to the selected broadcast stream over an alternativebroadcast channel. Receiver 100 may be programmed to continue to searchfor the selected broadcast stream on successive alternative broadcastchannels according to one or more rules of priority, which may bepredetermined or established by a user, until the selected broadcaststream is found or all available broadcast channels are exhausted. Forexample, a user may select a certain radio station, such as KISS FM, andreceiver 100 may be programmed first to seek the KISS FM station on anHD FM broadcast channel, and if that fails then seek that station on aregular FM broadcast channel, and if that fails then seek that stationon an IP broadcast channel. Of course, any desired rules of priority maybe used, and the foregoing example is merely illustrative. Receiver 100may be programmed such that if the selected broadcast stream is notavailable on any of the available broadcast channels, then receiver 100may display a message or produce a signal indicating that the selectedbroadcast stream is not currently available, tune in to a default oralternate broadcast stream, or go into a sleep mode. The default oralternate broadcast stream may be determined according to userpreference data, such as a preferred genre, for example. Receiver 100may also be programmed such that if the selected broadcast stream is notavailable on any of the available broadcast channels, then receiver 100may allow the user to select comparable broadcast streams.

Some embodiments may include a database that may store the availabilityof various broadcast streams on various broadcast channels. The databasemay be stored locally in a memory in receiver 100, remotely in datastorage device 106, or in both of those locations. In variousembodiments, the database may contain data for all available broadcaststreams in a given geographic area. Using a receiver 100, a user maybrowse or tune to all broadcast streams accessible in a user selectedgeographic area. For instance, a user may program a receiver 100 tosearch for broadcast streams in a certain zip code. The receiver 100 mayaccess the database stored locally in a memory in receiver 100, remotelyin data storage device 106, or in both of those locations to determineall broadcast streams on various broadcast channels available in theselected zip code. Additionally, broadcast streams and broadcastchannels may be searchable using the database based on a selected city,state, or distance from receiver 100. Other embodiments may allow a userto search for all broadcast streams and broadcast channels using thedatabase based on the IP address of receiver 100, the GPS location ofreceiver 100, positional information of receiver 100, or othergeographic location of the receiver 100.

Some embodiments allow a receiver 100 to upload data of variousbroadcast streams on various broadcast channels in a given geographicarea to the database in order to effectively populate the database forthe benefit of all users. For instance, if a user in San Antonio, Tex.tunes his or her receiver 100 to a selected broadcast stream overbroadcast channels HD or FM, such user may upload the data from his orher receiver 100 to the database to benefit all other users in SanAntonio, Tex. seeking to tune to the selected broadcast stream. If asecond user using another receiver 100 travels to San Antonio, Tex., thesecond user's receiver 100 may download data from the database to locatethe same selected broadcast stream over broadcast channels HD or FM. Ofcourse, the same upload and download processes may be applied to anyavailable broadcast channel, not merely HD or FM. The upload anddownload processes may be automatic or upon request. Uploading of datato the database may enable multiple users to share data about broadcaststreams, broadcast channels, and user preferences among a plurality ofreceivers 100. For example, a local user in Rome, Italy may upload datato the database from that user's receiver 100 allowing a tourist usertraveling in Rome, Italy, for instance, to download data from thedatabase. The tourist may then tune to all available broadcast streamsover various broadcast channels in Rome. As another example, a user inNew York City may discover a new broadcast stream not previously storedin the database. The user may upload the newly discovered broadcaststream data to the database and allow other New York City users to tuneto the newly discovered broadcast stream after downloading the data fromthe database.

Other embodiments may allow a user of a receiver 100 to automaticallydownload data from the database at periodic intervals. A user may alsomanually download data to receiver 100 from the database. Receiver 100may take various forms, such as a desktop device or a mobile handhelddevice. Some embodiments may include user preferences that may be storedin the database such that a user preference stored for a desktopreceiver may be transferred to a mobile handheld receiver, or viceversa.

Each broadcast channel may have a theoretically unlimited number ofbroadcast streams using that broadcast channel as a transport mechanism.Broadcast streams may interact with a system as described herein in atleast three ways:

1. EPG Data Upload—EPG data from each broadcast stream may be uploadedto central computer system 110 via an EPG update interface on a regularor otherwise determined basis. The composite of this information fromall broadcast streams across all broadcast channels may form a masterEPG, which may be stored on data storage device 106.

2. Content Broadcast—The content of a broadcast stream may be broadcastby a source and picked up by a receiver 100 using, for example, itsmulti-channel receiver functionality.

3. Backchannel Reporting—A receiver 100 may report backchannel data toone or more central computer systems 110 concerning one or morebroadcast streams received by receiver 100. This backchannel data mayinclude, but is not limited to, listener play information, such asinformation about the particular content played, the types of contentplayed, when the content is played, where the content is played, and soforth. Such backchannel data may be used by broadcasters to provideparticular information targeted to certain listeners or geographic areasin future broadcasts.

Persons of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that various datamay be stored in various locations and in various formats in a system asdescribed herein. For example, desired playlist data may be stored inmemory on one or more receivers 100 and on data storage device 106, andthe formats in those locations may not be the same. To facilitate theuse of such data in an orderly manner, a method of open interface mergereplication (“OIMR”) may be used. In such a system, certain dataelements may at times be updateable in a variety of locations, such as,for example, on one receiver 100, another receiver 100 used by the sameuser, or data storage device 106, and those devices may not use the samedata format. Also, of those devices, the situation may be such that noone data store is necessarily the “master,” that is, the device whoseinformation prevails if a conflict exists.

FIG. 3 illustrates one embodiment of a method of OIMR. This method mayallow two or more devices or databases 118 and 116, such as a memory ofreceiver 100 and data storage device 106 of one or more central computersystems 110, respectively, to be synchronized with each other as“requester” 114 and “synchronizer” 112. These devices may be able tostore data locally, access data stored elsewhere, or both. Further, thedata may or may not be of the same format. Such a solution may typicallybe oriented toward the synchronizer 112 being the master, but that neednot be the case. The conflict resolution mode may be set as desired suchthat either the requester 114 or the synchronizer 112 wins any conflictsor “deltas” that are identified. The processing logic may be dividedbetween the requester 114 and the synchronizer 112 in any relativeamounts as desired. For example, a majority of the processing logic maybe performed on whichever device is selected as the master. Depending onthe particular situation, not all of the steps listed in FIG. 3 may benecessary, or additional steps may be included if desired.

Still referring to FIG. 3, a method of OIMR may involve a plurality ofsteps indicated as 1-15. For example, a requester 114 may request anupdate from a synchronizer 112, such as by sending a ping to a server.Such a request may be made, for example, manually, electronically,automatically or otherwise from time to time. In return, thesynchronizer 112 may compare the data on the two devices and determinethe differences, if any. Whether or not any differences or “conflicts”exist, the synchronizer 112 may then communicate an update of data tothe requester 114, which may be accepted or rejected, for example, inaccordance with predetermined instructions. On the other hand, therequester 114 may at times act as the master, such that any conflictsmay be resolved in its favor. The data involved herein may include, forexample, time settings, play lists, EPG information, records, recordsets or other data or portions thereof. The data, transactions, and/ordevices involved in OIMR may be uniquely identified, such as byassigning a globally unique identifier (“GUID”) to each of them, inorder to sufficiently distinguish the different pieces of data.

Referring again to FIG. 3, a method of OIMR may have a plurality ofapplications. For example, a receiver 100 may allow a user to arrange a“preset” such that the user may quickly recall a favorite broadcaststream with the push of a button. However, the user may have a secondreceiver 100 at home or another location with a different preset or maychoose a different preset through a web interface provided by one ormore central computer systems 110 shown in FIG. 1. In such a situation,for example, the user may wish that any changes to a preset made via theweb interface automatically take effect on the home receiver(s) as well.Thus, questions may arise, for example, as to which user settingscontrol, or whether the home receivers are affected by changes madeelsewhere. A preset may be bi-directional. For example, a preset may beset on a local receiver and pushed up to a centralized server, or suchpreset may be set on a centralized server via a web site and pushed to alocal receiver or other devices. A local database on a receiver may beincrementally updated such that a given update may not necessarilyreplace all of the database but may only update the difference inversions as needed or desired between the local database and acentralized database, for example. Each radio station, such as over theair (OTA), Internet, and HD2, for example, may be given a unique ID—forexample, a KOGA-FM OTA station may have a different station ID than aKOGA streaming Internet station, and a KOGA HD2 station may have adifferent station ID than the OTA station and the streaming Internetstation. While a preset is used herein as an example, other types ofdata, content or instructions may also be changed on various systemcomponents and in a variety of ways. Thus, changes or updates may bemade to similar data in a plurality of locations.

Receiver 100 may be programmable to perform time shifted playback, inwhich a user may save some data to a local storage device on receiver100 and play that content at a later time. Receiver 100 may also beprogrammable to allow a user to create personal playlists and send suchplaylists to another user, such as through the database discussedherein. Receiver 100 may also be programmable to allow a user to createa composite stream and distribute that composite stream, or an EPG forthat composite stream, to others.

FIG. 4 illustrates the creation of an EPG-based composite stream 130that comprises one or more pieces of data selected from one or morebroadcast streams 120, 122, 124, 126, and 128. This functionality ofreceiver 100 may allow a user to create a unique “station” and to shareit with others without having to have access to the physical equipmentof the source of a broadcast channel or broadcast stream. For example, auser may compile a unique play list including his or her favoritestreams or songs and may share that play list with others. Further, auser may, for example, record a series of selected songs from a varietyof broadcast streams and may then have the ability to share thatrecording with other users. Composite streams may provide an avenue forthe publication of a wide variety of specialized and unique broadcaststreams without the need for additional broadcast channelinfrastructure. This may create an environment for low costexperimentation with new data formats and also economic viability forniche content, or data, formats.

Receiver 100 may take various forms, such as a desktop device or amobile handheld device that may dock in a car, at home, or runs off of abattery. Receiver 115, an embodiment of receiver 100, is illustrated inFIGS. 5-7. Receiver 115 may have one or more N/W/T/S presets 11 fornews, weather, traffic and sports. A user may create a playlist of oneor more N/W/T/S presets 11, for instance, a sports playlist for sportsbroadcast streams in Dallas, Tex. In some embodiments, one or moreN/W/T/S presets 11 may include broadcast streams targeted to schoolclosings, or lunch menus at schools in a geographic area, for example.In other embodiments, one or more N/W/T/S presets 11 may include trafficdata from various traffic services. A user may program which trafficroutes and other data they are most interested in and the receiver 115may display the data or traffic routes in either a text or graphicalmanner. Targeted news, weather, traffic and sports may therefore bebroadcast to a receiver 115 based on a user's configuration.

Still referring to FIGS. 5-7, a receiver 115 may also include one ormore channel presets 13; a tuning knob 19 for controlling tuning ofreceiver 115 while playing over the air (OTA) signals or Wi-Fi signals;a volume and on/off knob 21; an infrared (IR) window 7 for communicatingwirelessly with other communications devices; a record button 9 forrecording data on receiver 115; a mute switch 15 for muting receiver115; a display 17 for displaying information; an internal speaker 51 forplaying sound; an alarm button 5 for activating or disabling a userconfigured alarm; and an included antenna 3 for receiving broadcaststreams. Included antenna 3 may be a telescoping or other suitable typeof antenna. Alternatively or additionally, an internal antenna may beprovided. A snooze button (not shown) may also be included on thereceiver 115.

Most radio alarms may only be configured to assign a buzzer or an FM orAM broadcast channel as the alarm sound. If the FM or AM broadcastchannel is weak, the alarm sound may be radio static instead of theselected broadcast stream. In one embodiment, a receiver 100 may beprogrammed to assign a recorded playlist as the alarm sound. Thereceiver 100 may also be programmed to assign a user selected broadcaststream whereby if an FM or AM broadcast channel is weak, the receiver100 may search for an alternative broadcast channel such as an HD or IPbroadcast channel, for example. The receiver 100 may also be programmedto assign a default buzzer as the alarm sound. In some embodiments, thereceiver 100 may be programmed to assign a podcast as the alarm sound.Other receivers 100 may include an alarm that can be programmed fordayparting, wherein at least two alarm settings, for instance fromMonday to Friday, and Saturday to Sunday, are set.

Referring again to FIGS. 6 and 7, receiver 115 may include an FM antennaswitch 25 to allow a user to select between the included antenna 3 or anexternal antenna (not shown); an AM antenna switch 26 to allow a user toselect between the included antenna 3 or an external antenna (notshown); a 300Ω FM antenna connection 27; an AM antenna connection 28; a75Ω FM antenna connection 29; a power connector 31; a network port 33; awireless network port 35; a USB connector 37 for providing power and/ordata to the receiver 115; line in/line out jacks 39 to allow thereceiver 115 to connect to other audio/video sources or externalspeakers or other output devices; a headphone jack 41; an iPod adapter42 to allow the receiver 115 to broadcast a communications signal froman external iPod; and a base 44. Network port 33, USB connector 37, andwireless network port 35 may be provided to allow the receiver 115 toconnect to the Internet or other suitable network. Additionally, areceiver 115 may contain an internal wireless adapter to connect to theInternet or other suitable network. USB connector 37 may also be used toconnect the receiver 115 to a computer to output sound or data from thereceiver 115 to a computer's speakers or other suitable device. USBconnector 37 may also be used to connect a computer to the receiver 115to output sound from the computer to the internal speaker 51 of thereceiver 115.

Referring again to FIG. 5, in some embodiments, a channel selectorswitch 142 may be included in the receiver 115 for manually selectingone or more broadcast channels, such as AM, FM, HD, or Wi-Fi, forexample. Other embodiments may seamlessly switch between availablebroadcast channels without any manual selection. For instance, HDdigital and IP broadcast channels normally have a time delay inbroadcasting the communications signal. A receiver 115 may first selectbroadcast channels FM or AM after a user selects a broadcast stream,then automatically switch to an HD digital broadcast channel to avoidany time delay. Alternatively, a user may manually force a receiver 115to a certain broadcast channel using channel selector switch 142. Forinstance, a user may be located in a building with poor FM or AMreception. Therefore, a user may program the receiver 115 to only tuneto broadcast channels such as Wi-Fi or other Internet broadcastchannels, for example.

Some broadcast channels or broadcast streams require a subscription orpayment of some form to receive and use the broadcast stream orbroadcast channel. For instance, some satellite radio stations requiresubscriptions to receive their broadcast stream. Many conditional accessbroadcast streams or broadcast channels use NDS technology to encryptthe signal, and typically require some form of a pass card or ID toenable the broadcast stream or broadcast channel. Of course, other formsof identification may be used to enable the broadcast stream orbroadcast channel. In one embodiment, a receiver 100 may accessconditional access broadcast streams or broadcast channels by using apass card or ID. The receiver 100 may also support downloading podcastsdirectly to the receiver 100 based on standard RSS subscriptionprocesses or other suitable methods. In an alternative embodiment, areceiver 100 may allow a broadcast stream to be marked or tagged by theuser as a purchase interest. The receiver 100 may include a tag button(not shown) that allows the user to mark or tag a broadcast stream orfile received or played by the receiver 100. The marks or tags may thenbe saved on the receiver 100 and transmitted to the respective retailservice such as iTunes®, Amazon®, or Zune Marketplace™, for example, forpurchase, preview, indexing, or downloading to the receiver 100.

Referring next to FIG. 8, a flowchart illustrating a method 140 ofmitigating media station interruptions will be discussed according tovarious embodiments of the present disclosure. Method 140 can, in someembodiments, minimize interruptions to a media consumer by using theability of receiver 115 (FIG. 5) to seamlessly switch between availablebroadcast channels without requiring a user to manually tune the mediareceiver. In some embodiments, the switch between available broadcastchannels can include switching from an affiliated station to anon-affiliated station. Transferring from an affiliated station to anon-affiliated station is sometimes referred to herein as “forwarding.”

Method 140 begins by initializing a media receiver, as illustrated byblock 141. Initializing the media receiver can include connecting tonetwork or internal databases storing various items of historicalinformation, which can be used by the media receiver to select aninitial or original media station. Note that in some implementations,there is no need to consult a database during media receiverinitialization, because the last station tuned-to can be selected as theoriginal station. A method of determining the original station will bediscussed in more detail subsequently, with respect to FIG. 10.

As illustrated by block 143, the media receiver can tune to the originalmedia station selected during media receiver initialization at block141. If the last station tuned-to is selected as the original mediastation during receiver initialization, block 143 can be omitted in someembodiments.

As illustrated at block 145, the content attributes of thecurrently-tuned media station, can be identified. The content attributescan include, but are not limited to, metadata information such asstation names, station call signs, broadcast frequencies, broadcastchannel types, broadcast stream types, program titles, album titles,song titles, artist names, genres, durations, start times, end times,affiliated and non-affiliated station carriers, keywords and otherinformation included in EPG data 101 (FIG. 1).

As illustrated by blocks 147 and 149, signal-quality parameters of acurrently-tuned media station can be monitored and tested to determinewhether the signal-quality parameters have dropped below a thresholdlevel, sometimes referred to herein as a tune-away threshold. Thetune-away threshold refers to a level of signal quality sufficient for amedia receiver to reproduce media content at a quality that is estimatedto be satisfactory to a media consumer. In some embodiments, thesesignal-quality parameters can be linked to characteristics of either orboth of a physical transmission medium or a logical transmissionchannel. Signal-quality parameters can include, but are not limited to,an ability of the media receiver to receive a media signal,signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), amplitude and amplitude variations,frequency and frequency variations, a bit-error-rate (BER), a packeterror rate (PER), transmission lag, or the like. Thus for example, insome embodiments if a media receiver cannot maintain a lock on a radiofrequency (RF) carrier signal used to transmit media content, thesignal-quality parameters of that signal can be deemed to have droppedbelow the tune-away threshold. Likewise, if the SNR falls below theoperating capabilities of a media receiver, or if the number of packetslost degrades the ability of the media receiver to reconstruct either orboth intelligible audio or video, the signal-quality parameters can besaid to have fallen below the tune-away threshold.

The actual tune-away threshold for various parameters, for example theexact SNR used to determine when a tune-away should occur, can bedetermined based on various factors, including hardware limitations in amedia receiver, such as a minimum SNR needed for a local oscillatorcircuit to obtain a frequency lock, and software limitations, such asthe ability of the software to interpolate, decode, or reconstruct mediaitems when some of the packets have been lost or corrupted. In othercases, the tune-away threshold can be determined empirically based onstudies indicating a minimum acceptable quality level. Yet otherembodiments allow an end user to adjust one or more tune-away thresholdvalues by altering a value of a component in a tuned circuit using anadjustment knob or button, or by setting or changing a variable via aweb browser or other graphical user interface. Regardless of how thethreshold values are determined, the current measured or estimated valueof one or more signal-quality parameters can be compared to thecorresponding threshold value to determine whether or not to tune-awayfrom the current stations and tune-to an alternate station.

If the determination at block 149 indicates that no tune-away is tooccur, that is, if the one or more signal-quality parameters have notdropped below the tune-away threshold, method 140 can continue tomonitor the signal-quality parameters. If, however, the signal-qualityparameters have dropped below the tune-away threshold, an alternatemedia station can be identified at block 151.

The alternate media station is, in some embodiments, the station towhich the media receiver will automatically tune, in response to atune-away event. In some embodiments, the decision about which mediastation to choose as the alternate media station can be made byperforming a comparison of the content attributes of the original mediastation to the content attributes of the station being considered forthe alternate media station. In some such embodiments, a simplecomparison of the number of matching content attributes can be used tomake the determination, and determining if that number meets a thresholdnumber. For example, if 5 content attributes are being compared, thethreshold amount of matching content can be set to 3 out of 5 matchingcontent attributes. In some embodiments, the content attributes can beweighted, and the threshold amount of matching content can be determinedbased on a weighted combination of content attributes. For example, iffive content attributes are given weights that total to 100% as follows:content attribute 1=30%; content attribute 2=24%; content attribute3=18%; content attribute 4=15%; and content attribute 5=13%. In the sameexample, the threshold amount of matching content can be set to 51%.Thus, two matching content attributes will meet the threshold amount ofmatching content as long as one of those two is content attribute 1.However, no other two content attributes will reach the threshold of 51%by themselves. Likewise in the current example, three matching contentattributes, other than content attribute 1, will be sufficient to matchthe threshold amount of matching content if as long as content attribute2 is one of the three matching content attributes. Note that even ifcontent attributes 3, 4, and 5 all match, they still fail to reach therequired threshold.

Other methods of determining how similar content of the alternatestation is to content of the original station can be used, andappropriate thresholds set. For example, in some embodiments, varioustechniques used to select media similar to a user's preferred mediacontent can be used. Thus, if the original station plays a largequantity of music by ZZTop, and an alternate station plays a largequantity of Lynard Skynard songs, the two radio stations can still beconsidered to have matching content if the similar-media-selectiontechnique indicates that a listener who prefers ZZTop will still enjoyLynard Skynard.

Various embodiments can take into account whether or not an alternatemedia station is an affiliate of the currently tuned-to media station,and prefer an affiliate station to a non-affiliate station whenselecting the alternate media station. Information identifying theaffiliation status of a particular media station can be stored alongwith information about the content attributes of a particular station,and can even be treated as one of the content attributes whendetermining a threshold amount of matching content. For example, if bothan affiliate media station and a non-affiliate media station are beingconsidered for selection as the alternate media station, and bothstations have a similar amount of content in common with the currentlytuned-to media station, the affiliate media station can be givenpreference over the non-affiliated media station. In someimplementations, an affiliate station with less content in common withthe currently tuned-to media station than a non-affiliate station canstill be selected over the non-affiliated station, as long as the amountof content in common with the currently tuned-to station differs by lessthan an acceptable difference threshold amount from the amount of commoncontent in the non-affiliated station.

Consider, for example, an affiliate station having a 65% content matchwith a currently tuned-to station, and a non-affiliate station having a70% content match with the currently tuned-to station. If the acceptabledifference threshold is set to 4%, then in this example, thenon-affiliate station would be chosen over the affiliate station,because the there is more than a 4% difference between the amount ofcommon content in the affiliate and non-affiliate stations. If, however,the acceptable difference threshold is set to 6% in this example, thenthe affiliate station would be chosen over the non-affiliate station.

In various embodiments, selection of the alternate media station atblock 151 is done well in advance of the signal-quality parametersdropping below the tune-away threshold. For example, selection of analternate media station can begin as soon as the content attributes ofthe original media station have been identified at block 145. In somecases, a table, list, relational database, or other data structureassociating media stations having similar content can be stored in amemory of the media receiver, or obtained from a network EPG server.

The alternate media station may be of the same broadcast source type.For example, if the original station is an FM station, the alternatestation can also be an FM station. However, in some embodiments, thealternate station can be of a different broadcast source type. Forexample, if the original station is an HD radio station, the alternatestation can be an FM station, an AM station, and Internet radio station,a media stream from a locally connected media player, an Internet radiostation received from a smart phone connected to the media receiver viaa personal area network, or the like.

Regardless of how the alternate station is selected at block 151, themedia receiver can automatically tune to the alternate station, asillustrated by block 153, in response to one or more monitoredsignal-quality parameters falling below the tune-away threshold. Tuningto the alternate station can include switching from one tuner includedin the media receiver, for example an AM tuner, to another tunerincluded in the media receiver, for example an FM tuner. Likewise,tuning to the alternate station can include the media receiver changingfrom an HD radio tuner to a cellular radio section included in the mediareceiver, so that a streaming media station provided via a wide areanetwork can be received and presented to the end user. Additionally,tuning to the alternate station can include switching from an internalinput source to an external input source so that an external receiverconnected to the media receiver via a personal area network, can be usedas the source of the media station. In some embodiments, tuning to analternate radio station can include forwarding to a non-affiliatedstation by using signaling techniques described herein, some of whichmay also be used by Radio DNS®, an open standard proposed by acollection of radio broadcasters and manufacturers. For example, if analternate station is a streaming station, the streaming station can benotified to begin streaming content to a user's radio receiver.

In at least one embodiment, one or more signal-quality parameters of theoriginal station can continue to be monitored while the media receiveris tuned to the alternate media station, as illustrated by blocks 155and 157. If the signal-quality parameters of the original station riseabove the re-tune values, then the media receiver can tune away from thealternate station back to the original station, as illustrated at block159. In some embodiments, the re-tune threshold values are differentthan the tune-away threshold values. For example, if a tune-away SNRthreshold is set to 8 dB, the re-tune threshold might be set to 9.5 dB,so that there is sufficient margin to prevent the media receiver fromoscillating between the original station and the alternate station.

Referring next to FIG. 9, a flowchart illustrating a method 160 thatuses a history of signal-quality parameters associated with particulargeographic locations or times to mitigate media station interruptionswill be discussed according to various embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

As discussed previously with respect to FIG. 8, signal-qualityparameters can be monitored to determine when a tune-way event or are-tune event is going to be performed. As illustrated by block 161, ahistory of signal-quality parameters can be recorded and stored in alocal, external, or networked memory location.

As illustrated at block 163, the signal-quality parameters areassociated with one or more of geographic area, time of day, day of theweek, time of the year, etc. In at least one embodiment, thisassociation can be made at the time the signal-quality parameters arerecorded. For example, a media receiver can be set up to record out ofthe ordinary occurrences, such that any time one or more signal-qualityparameters drops below a threshold level, the value of the deviatingsignal-quality parameter can be recorded along with the geographiclocation, time, and date. The geographic location information can beobtained from any of various sources, such as a GPS unit included in orconnected to the media receiver, or calculated by the media receiveritself based on user input, information received from a cellular device,information received at the media receiver via the Internet, informationembedded in station metadata, or some combination of this and otherinformation.

As illustrated at block 165, the media receiver can determine currentlocation and time parameters. Using the current location and timeparameters in conjunction with stored history of signal-qualityparameters, a determination can be made about whether or not one or moresignal-quality parameters are anticipated to fall below thresholdparameters, as illustrated by block 167. For example, consider thesituation in which a user's media receiver is affixed to his vehicle,and the vehicle passes through a radio signal dead zone most weekdaysbetween 7:30 am and 7:53 am, and that passing through this dead zonecauses one or more signal-quality parameters to decrease below theirtune-away threshold. The decrease in the signal-quality parameter can berecorded and associated with the time period between 7:30 am and 7:53 amweekdays. If the current time is 7:15 am on a Monday, the media receivercan determine at step 167 that a decrease in signal-quality parametersbelow the tune-away threshold is upcoming. Similar determinations can bemade based on the season, for example if the user in the previousexample commutes to college during the spring and fall, but not duringthe summer, the determination can take that into account. Thus, adetermination made regarding signal-quality parameters on Monday, July 5at 7:15 am may not yield the same result as a determination regardingsignal-quality parameters on Monday, February 23 at 7:15 am.

Similarly, geographic location can be used to make the determination, sothat if the history indicates that when the media receiver reaches aparticular geographic location the signal-quality parameters decreasebelow the tune-away threshold. An even more accurate prediction can bemade by taking into account both time and geographic locationparameters. Consider, for example, that the station being monitored is astreaming Internet radio station that experiences heavy interferencecausing SNR parameter drops near a downtown building only at 9 pm onnon-holiday Mondays. If the user is travelling near that building at 8pm on a non-holiday Monday, it is unlikely that signal-qualityparameters will decrease below the tune-away threshold. Similarly, thedetermination made at block 167 is unlikely to be yes at 9 pm on aTuesday.

If it is determined at block 167 that one or more signal-qualityparameters are anticipated to decrease below their threshold values,appropriate action can be taken. For example, a check can be made atblock 169 to determine if the decrease is imminent. In some embodiments,imminent refers to a time period so soon that it is impractical toattempt to cache data from the currently tuned station. For example,imminent can refer to an expected drop in less than 30 seconds, lessthan 1 minute, or less than 5 minutes.

If the expected decrease in signal-quality parameters is determined notto be imminent at block 169, the content of the currently tuned stationcan being to be cached, as illustrated by block 171, so that if and whenthe tune-away decision is made, the media receiver can tune to thecached content. In some embodiments, the decision to cache can be madeat the time the media device is turned on, so that the presentation ofthe media station to the user can be delayed for a short time to buildup the cached content. In other embodiments, an EPG can be consulted foran alternate source of content scheduled to be broadcast on thecurrently tuned station, and content from that alternate source can becached in advance, and played out in place of the same content beingprovided by the media station currently tuned-to.

If it is determined at block 169 that the upcoming decrease insignal-quality parameters is imminent or likely to be imminent, leavinginsufficient time to cache a meaningful amount of content, the mediareceiver can be preemptively tuned to the alternate station asillustrated at block 173. This preemptive tuning can be timed tocoincide with a break in the playback of media content, so that acurrently playing media item is not cut off abruptly. Furthermore, amedia receiver can be configured to perform a fade-out and/or fade in ofthe alternate station so that the change between media stations is notperceived as being jarring by the media consumer.

Referring next to FIG. 10, a flowchart illustrating a method 180 ofselecting alternate media stations will be discussed according tovarious embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated at block181, user listening patterns related to situational parameters areobtained. Situational parameters can include, but are not limited to,timing and location information, user preferences, and informationassociated with tune-away events. For example, if a user consistentlychooses to tune to a country western station after a tune-away event,regardless of the genre of the original station, that information can betaken into account when selecting an alternate station to tune-to inresponse to signal-quality parameters dropping below a threshold.Likewise, if a user consistently tunes to a news or talk channel duringparticular times of the day, or at particular geographic locations, thatinformation can be stored as a part of the user's listening patterns andused in selecting an alternate media station.

As illustrated at block 183, the current situational parameters can bedetermined. Examples of current situational parameters can include,within 30 seconds after an automated tune-away event, within 2 minutesbefore an automated tune-away event, within 5 minutes of powering on themedia receiver, and within 5 minutes of an expected arrival at adestination. Signal-quality parameters are also examples of situationalparameters. So, for example, a current group of situational parameterscan include, the current geographic location, the currently tunedstation, the current time of day, the current month, the time elapsedsince the last manual tune event performed by a user, the currentstation's content parameters, and the like.

As illustrated at block 185, one of multiple available media stationsare chosen for consideration as the selected alternate media station. Alist of available media stations can be obtained from an EPG, from theInternet, or determined based on a scan of stations by the mediareceiver. The factors used to determine whether a media station isavailable can include geographic location information and media receivercapability information. For example, if the media receiver is notsubscribed for use with satellite radio, then satellite radio stationscould be considered not available, even if an EPG indicated otherwise.Note that media receiver capabilities can be considered to be a subsetof situational parameters.

Once the first media station is chosen for consideration, the attributesof that media station can be determined, as illustrated by block 187. Acheck is made at block 191 to determine wither the attributes of themedia station satisfy the user listening patterns for the currentsituational parameters. Consider, for example, a media receivercurrently tuned to a news station at 8:58 pm on a Saturday. The userconsistently tunes to a classic rock station at 9 pm on Saturday nights,and method 180 is being invoked to choose an alternate media stationbecause of a tune-away event at 8:59 pm on Saturday caused by a largenumber of lost packets. In this situation, the media receiver can chooseto tune to a classic rock station, even though if method 180 wereinvoked at 8:00 am on Sunday another news station could have beenselected because of the interplay of different situational parametersand user listening patterns.

If the media station being considered for assignment as the alternatemedia station does not satisfy the user listening pattern and thecurrent situational parameters, method 180 can continue to considerother available media stations until an appropriate station isconsidered. In some embodiments, the first considered media station thatsatisfies the user listening patterns and the current situationalparameters is selected as the alternate media station. In otherembodiments, multiple media stations are considered, and the best matchof the group of media stations considered is selected. In someembodiments, if after consideration of a set number of available mediastations an alternate media station has not been selected, the selectioncriteria for the alternate media station can be relaxed, or a defaultalternate station can be selected. For example, a user can be providedthe opportunity to select and rank one or more default media stations inorder of user preference as alternate media stations. In someembodiments, the highest user-ranked preferred media station is selectedfor an alternate media station.

As illustrated by block 193, if the attributes of the available mediastation under consideration satisfy the user listening patterns for thecurrent situational parameters, the available media item beingconsidered is selected as the alternate media station.

In some embodiments, method 180 can also be invoked to choose anoriginal media station upon initialization of the media receiver. Inthose cases, the situational parameters can include “receiverinitialization,” and user listening patterns can include the identity ofthe radio station most often tuned to by the user at startup, a defaultmedia station selected according to user preferences, or otherwise.Furthermore, in some embodiments the available media station selected atblock 193 can be used as the original media station.

Other and further embodiments utilizing one or more aspects of thesystems and methods described above may be devised without departingfrom the spirit of Applicant's invention. For example, the above OIMRmethodology may be an advantage to any system that seeks to supportmerge replication and database interoperability. Further, the varioussystems, methods, and embodiments disclosed herein may be included incombination with each other to produce variations of the disclosedsystems, methods, and embodiments. Discussion of singular elements caninclude plural elements and vice-versa.

The order of steps in methods described herein may occur in a variety ofsequences unless otherwise expressly stated. The various steps describedherein may be combined with other steps, interlineated with the statedsteps, or split into multiple steps. Similarly, elements describedfunctionally may be embodied as separate components or may be combinedinto components having multiple functions.

The apparatus, systems, and methods disclosed in this application havebeen described in the context of certain exemplary embodiments, and notevery embodiment of the invention has been described. Variousmodifications and alterations to the described embodiments arediscernible to persons of ordinary skill in the art. The disclosed andundisclosed embodiments are not intended to limit or restrict the scopeor applicability of the invention claimed herein, but rather, inconformity with the patent laws, Applicants intend to fully protect allsuch modifications and improvements that come within the scope of theappended claims, including equivalents thereof.

The foregoing figures and written description of specific structures andfunctions are not presented to limit the scope of what Applicants haveinvented or the scope of the appended claims. Rather, they are providedto teach a person of ordinary skill in the art how to make and use theinventions for which patent protection is sought and the best mode ofpracticing the same. Those persons skilled in the art will appreciatethat not all features of a commercial embodiment of the inventions aredescribed or shown for the sake of clarity and understanding. Persons ofordinary skill in the art will also appreciate that the development ofan actual commercial embodiment incorporating aspects of the presentinventions may require numerous implementation-specific decisions toachieve the developer's ultimate goal for the particular commercialembodiment. Such implementation-specific decisions may include, butlikely are not limited to, compliance with system-related,business-related, government-related and other constraints, which mayvary by specific implementation, location and from time to time. While aparticular developer's efforts might be complex and time-consuming in anabsolute sense, such efforts would be, nevertheless, a routineundertaking for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefitsof this disclosure. It must be understood that the inventions disclosedand taught herein are susceptible to numerous and various modificationsand alternative forms.

What is claimed is:
 1. A wireless media receiver comprising: a memoryoperably associated with a processor for storing an electronic programguide associating each of a plurality of potential alternate mediastations with a plurality of content attributes; a wireless receivercoupled to the processor tuned to a first media station; and theprocessor executing a program of code instructions to: measurecommonality between a plurality of first media station contentattributes stored in the electronic program guide, and the plurality ofcontent attributes for each of the plurality of potential alternatemedia stations also stored in the electronic program guide; assign asimilarity score to each of the plurality of potential alternate mediastations based on the measurement; identify one of the plurality ofpotential alternate media stations having a highest similarity score asan alternate media station; determine a signal-quality parameter of thefirst media station is not above a first threshold level after thealternate media station has been identified; automatically tune thewireless receiver to the alternate media station; determine thesignal-quality parameter of the first media station is above a secondthreshold level after the wireless receiver has been automatically tunedto the alternate media station; wherein the second threshold level isgreater than the first threshold level; and automatically tune thewireless receiver to the first media station.
 2. The wireless mediareceiver of claim 1 further comprising: the memory for storing aplurality of user preferences associating a user-defined factor ofimportance to one or more of the plurality of content attributes of eachof the plurality of potential alternate media stations; and wherein asimilarity score assigned to one of the plurality of potential alternatemedia stations increases if the first media station and one of theplurality of potential alternate media stations have in common a contentattribute associated with the user-defined factor of importance.
 3. Thewireless media receiver of claim 1 further comprising: the processorexecuting a program of code instructions to: determine a currentgeographic location of the wireless receiver; and transmit the currentgeographic location and an identification of the alternate media stationto a shared database usable by others.
 4. The wireless media receiver ofclaim 3, wherein determining the current geographic location of thewireless receiver includes receiving a user-provided zip code.
 5. Thewireless media receiver of claim 1, wherein the first threshold level isequal to or lesser than 8 dB and the second threshold level is equal toor greater than 9.5 dB.
 6. The wireless media receiver of claim 1further comprising: the processor executing a program of codeinstructions to: display an indication that the first media station isnot currently available.
 7. The wireless media receiver of claim 1,wherein the first media station is an on-the-air broadcast station andthe alternate media station is an internet protocol broadcast station.8. A method for use in a wireless receiver tuned to a first mediastation, the method comprising: measuring commonality between aplurality of first media station content attributes stored in anelectronic program guide, and the plurality of content attributes foreach of a plurality of potential alternate media stations also stored inthe electronic program guide; assigning a similarity score to each ofthe plurality of potential alternate media stations based on themeasurement; identifying one of the plurality of potential alternatemedia stations having a highest similarity score as an alternate mediastation; determining a signal-quality parameter of the first mediastation is not above a first threshold level after the alternate mediastation has been identified; determining a signal-quality parameter ofthe alternate media station is above the threshold level; automaticallytuning the wireless receiver to the alternate media station; determiningthe signal-quality parameter of the first media station is above asecond threshold level after the wireless receiver has beenautomatically tuned to the alternate media station; wherein the secondthreshold level is greater than the first threshold level; andautomatically tuning the wireless receiver to the first media station.9. The method for use in a wireless receiver tuned to a first mediastation of claim 8, wherein a similarity score assigned to one of theplurality of potential alternate media stations increases if the firstmedia station and one of the plurality of potential alternate mediastations have in common a content attribute associated with auser-defined factor of importance within a stored plurality of userpreferences.
 10. The method for use in a wireless receiver tuned to afirst media station of claim 8 further comprising: determining a currentgeographic location of the wireless receiver; and transmitting thecurrent geographic location and an identification of the alternate mediastation to a shared database usable by others.
 11. The method for use ina wireless receiver tuned to a first media station of claim 10, whereinthe determination of the current geographic location of the wirelessreceiver includes receiving a user-provided zip code.
 12. The method foruse in a wireless receiver tuned to a first media station of claim 8,wherein the first threshold level is equal to or lesser than 8 dB andthe second threshold level is equal to or greater than 9.5 dB.
 13. Themethod for use in a wireless receiver tuned to a first media station ofclaim 8 further comprising displaying an indication that the first mediastation is not currently available.
 14. The method for use in a wirelessreceiver tuned to a first media station, the method of claim 8, whereinthe first media station is an on-the-air broadcast station and thealternate media station is an internet protocol broadcast station.